Where our data comes from
Who is listed
We start from two public federal sources:
- The CMS Doctors and Clinicians National Downloadable File, which lists every clinician enrolled in Medicare with their specialty, practice locations, group affiliations, Medicare assignment and telehealth status.
- The NPPES NPI Registry, which confirms each physician's active status, credential and state license.
A physician appears here when CMS lists urology as their primary specialty and at least one practice address in Wisconsin. We remove trainees (residents and fellows) and deactivated NPI records. At the last refresh that gave us 228 urologists at 669 office locations.
Urologists who are not enrolled in Medicare at all, which is rare and mostly some pediatric or cash-only practices, may be missing. Any Wisconsin urologist can be added through claim your listing.
Other fields
- Counties and towns come from each office's ZIP code, matched to counties using the U.S. Census Bureau's ZIP-to-county relationship file. Distances are straight-line from ZIP-code centers.
- Hospital affiliations come from CMS facility-affiliation records. Hospital star ratings are the CMS overall hospital quality rating.
- Insurance: Medicare assignment comes from CMS. Other plans are shown only when the practice confirms them. Otherwise we say "call to confirm."
- Treatments offered are shown only when the practice confirms them through a verified claim.
How ratings work
Star ratings are the simple average of published reviews, shown with the number of reviews. For "highest rated" rankings, a doctor needs at least 3 reviews, and we rank by an adjusted score that pulls averages with very few reviews toward the statewide average. That way one five-star review can't outrank thirty four-and-a-half-star reviews. Sponsorship and claiming have no effect on any of this.
Refresh schedule
We refresh the federal data monthly, after CMS publishes its update. Data last refreshed: October 17, 2026.